Materials For Technical Use Wood. Embed Size px. Start on. Show related SlideShares at end. WordPress Shortcode. Share Email. Top clipped slide. Download Now Download Download to read offline. Anand Charvin Follow. Coder Student Forester. Woods Presentation. Timber ppt History of carpentry. Defects in timber. Related Books Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Jeremiah ; Lebanese cedar, imported from Lebanon, was one of the most popular building materials used in the Biblical world by ancient woodworkers because of its high quality, pleasant scent, and resistance to both rot and insects.
In , two brothers discovered the boat in the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee after a tremendous drought had lowered the water level. It was similar to the boats Jesus and his disciples would have used to cross and fish the Sea of Galilee.
It was the first near-complete boat ever found in the Sea of Galilee. Early Chinese civilizations also promoted the art of woodworking. When that happened, the Chinese developed many sophisticated applications of woodworking, including precise measurements used for making pots, tables, and other pieces of furniture.
During this time, a well-known carpenter, Lu Ban, was credited as being one of the originators of woodworking in China. This book documented his work as a carpenter and contained descriptions of dimensions for building various objects — such as flower pots, tables, and altars.
It also provided specific instructions concerning Feng Shui wind and water. Feng Shui is the ancient Chinese practice of geomancy, that is, the positioning of physical objects in strategic locations in the home and in work environments to stimulate optimal wellness, health, and happiness. Ironically, the book says almost nothing of the intricate glue-less and nail-less joinery for which Chinese furniture was so famous.
Woodworkers today who practice the ancient oriental woodworking techniques take pride in their mastery of the fitted joint and their skill of not using electric equipment, nails or glue to hold their pieces together.
Japan is where this style of woodworking primarily originated. Their use of high-quality blades and the engineering of the lathe made ancient Japanese woodworkers leaders in crafting round and curved objects. Cooperage the making of barrels and casks and bentwood works wood that is artificially shaped for use in making furniture were popular in Japan for everyday household objects.
Japanese woodworkers also made exquisitely-sculpted scenery. Their popularity and the techniques used in the process spread across Southeast Asia. Another highly skilled form of woodworking was blocked prints — made from inked blocks of wood. Lacquering also was developed in the orient. It is a technique dominant in Japan, China, and Korea. In the Jewish culture of that time 1st century , the father was required to teach the son his trade at age Being a good Jew, Joseph would have followed this practice and began teaching Jesus at 12 his carpentry trade.
Carpenters of the time of Jesus were often called upon to construct or repair plows or threshing sleds, or cut a roofing beam or shape a yoke for a new team of oxen. They also met the demands for new doors and door frames, or a storage chest, and made a variety of other repairs. Sometimes they helped with the construction of larger building projects, such as building a wood balcony or making doors or stairs for a new synagogue.
And, on occasion, a master carpenter would be asked to create a holy object such as a Torah cabinet for the storage of Scripture scrolls. Hebrew carpenters used a variety of wood species depending on what the job required. They included cypress, oak, ash, sycamore, and olive. If it were a special project, they might have to import expensive cedar from Lebanon or use the stock of vines for small projects.
When a carpenter needed wood, he sawed trees into boards using a large bronze saw with the aid of other workers. He cut thin boards from tree trunks. Trees in that region, however, were not large or straight. They also used the bow drill, held in one hand by the handle, which they rapidly set in motion by drawing the attached bow back and forth. He turned the wood by pulling a leather strap back and forth like a bow. This motion moved the lathe and enabled the cut to be made in the turning wood.
With these tools at hand, carpenters from Biblical times possessed the skill to create intricately dovetailed, mitered and dowelled joints. Combining considerable skill and patience, they often created splendid wood products.
Woodworking in the Middle East goes back for many centuries, even to Biblical times, as evidenced in the descriptions of some items. For instance, the Book of Exodus chronicles the construction of wooden holy items for the Tabernacle of the ancient Hebrews. The ancient woodworkers of the Near East built great wooden boats out of timber that grew in the Anatolian plateau the Asian part of Turkey along the Levantine coast the Mediterranean coastal lands of modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon.
This wood was so coveted that invading armies often demanded it as a tribute. Archaeologists found furniture crafted from wood inlaid with bone, ivory or metal that dated as far back as B.
Near East woodworkers used lathes as well as wedges, mallets, chisels, hammers, drills, plumb bobs, compasses, and other basic tools.
The wooden windows of the early mosques and private houses still seen today in the Arabic culture were crafted at the height of ancient Near East woodcarving. The Muslim woodcarvers of Persia, Syria, Egypt and Spain designed and created exquisite paneling and other decorations for wall linings, ceilings, pulpits, and all kinds of fittings and furniture.
Their woodwork was elaborate and minutely delicate. The Roman Empire also had its share of skilled woodworkers. Wielding adzes, lathes, files, planes, saws, and drills, including the bow drill, they constructed aqueducts and waterworks using wooden scaffolding, built impressive warships and barges and erected strong and lethal battering rams and catapults for attacking enemy cities. They also crafted furniture, including tables and chairs that stylistically represented the arms of animals or that were carved to represent mythological creatures.
Archaeologists were delighted to find a furniture shop intact in Pompeii, an ancient resort city destroyed in 79 A. Vesuvius erupted. They also discovered wooden furniture and decorations, and the methods of building.
Roman woodworkers used a variety of woods for their wooden creations. Wood species included ilex, beech, maple, elm, olive, and ash. The most prized wood in the Roman Empire was the African wood Tthyine, which was believed to have mystical powers. It was used by both the Romans and Greeks to make furniture. However, with time and technology, of course, planers have undergone several enhancements and development. Historical excavations around the world have revealed comparatively more modern planers, especially at Roman sites.
For instance, an iron wrapped around wooden blocks or planers made of bronze have been discovered. In the mid s, hand planers made of iron cast body were first manufactured by Leonard Bailey, who subsequently transferred the patent of the same to Stanley. The latter continues to manufacture planers in the line of Bailey designs. Contemporary hand planers continue to use the same combination of materials, that is wood and iron with occasional use of bronze, to manufacture different types of planers.
Surface Planers: Surface planers find use mostly in industries and professional woodworking workshops rather than at homes for amateur or leisure woodworking. They are used on larger surfaces like floors, decks, etc. Planer Articles. Kinds of Hand Planers Block Planers: This consists of the blade at a considerably low angle with an upward inclination. The History of Medieval carpentry goes back to nearly years. The Medieval period is the time period between the decline of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.
Before 1, years ago the decline of the Roman Empire happened and it brought to the Early Middle Ages. In the first years, advances in carpentry and engineering fields highly declined. Some of the great libraries like Alexandria burned and education collapsed greatly.
Because of this illiteracy rose among the leadership. But under the revolutionary reforms of Charlemagne, who was the King of the Franks the craftsmanship of carpentry changed.
We consider the tools as the windows that allow us to the great civilizations that created them. Obviously, when a society needs and uses more tools, we can easily identify that they have done with more wooden objects.
Here you can go through some interesting list of tools and get an idea on how tools came to its present developed stage with the time. These are among the very first tools that were created in the history of carpentry.
People used the axe to fell down trees while adze to dress timber, which has a turned blade of 90 degrees. The Minoan civilization was able to create the double-headed axe, which is the combination of axe and adze.
Because of this axe-adze was more popular among Romans. Egyptians have used the hand saw since B. The hand saw used in this era was about 20 inches long and it had a broad blade. Also, it had curved wooden handles and irregular metal teeth on the blade. They used copper to finish the blades. The Romans improved the handsaws in a few different ways. They replaced copper with iron for the blades in order to make them stiffer.
Also, they set the teeth of the saw to project alternately right and left and allowed the saw to cut somewhat wider than the blade. This allowed a smoother movement. At the same time Romans also invented stiffened backsaw and frame saw. The narrow blade used in the frame saw helped to keep taut by tightening a chord. This principle of the frame saw we can still see in the modern hacksaw. Instead of nails, Egyptian woodworkers used wooden pegs and they used bow drills to make holes. As bow drill was not much effective and wastes energy, it was not suitable for heavy drilling.
In order to overcome this, Romans found a new better tool called the Auger. There is a short wooden cross-handle in the auger and it is attached to a steel shaft. There is a spoon-shaped tip in the steel shaft. Through this woodworker can easily apply heavy downward pressure and great rotational force. In the middle ages carpenters created a breast auger. The purpose of this was to drill deep holes in timbers of ships.
The wooden pegs invented by Egyptians came up with modifications with the creation of forged iron nails by Romans. This was one of the wonderful and popular creations of Romans because this was a dual-purpose tool. Other than the above mentioned tools Romans invented the rule, the smooth plane and many other different types of planes. Once a historian has delivered that wood plane can be considered as the most important advancement in the history of woodworking tools. The great forests blanketed throughout the world supplied with the valuable and plentiful resource of wood for thousands of years.
It was easy to work with wood because it was easier to shape. It forced artisans to use wood in different creative ways.
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